Copyright Notice

Except as noted, all material on this web site is protected by copyright of the owner, S. A. Joyce.
Most material on this site may be cited with proper accreditation.
When citing material, always click the copyright notice to see what provisions, if any, apply.

Standard
Permission

Special
Permission

Special
Restriction

Public
Domain

Standard Permissions and Accreditation

Most material on this web site is protected by copyright. In most cases, material may be copied and distributed under the provisions of the following standard notice.

The owner [S. A. Joyce] grants permission to copy and distribute this material, in whole or in part, provided that remarks are neither taken out of context nor edited to distort their meaning, and provided that credit is given to the owner, and provided that no charge whatever is made for such copies or distribution without the owner's express written consent.

A paper citing material from an Internet web site should include a parenthetical reference to the author at the end of the citation, and the following MLA (or equivalent) format line should appear on its "Works Cited" page.

General MLA format:

Author. "Article Title." article date. Web Site Name. site revision date. <URL of article page>

Example, using this page:

Joyce, S. A. "Copying and Distribution." 22 January 2018. The Lounge. 22 January 2018. <http://www.4thr.org/lounge/site/copyright.htm>

MLA format specifies that each item in a reference be separated from the next by a period and a single space. The web site name may be either underlined or italicized; dates are expressed in international (day month year) format, e.g., "1 September 2001" or "1 Sep. 2001."

Finding the required information:

On this web site, the article date is located on the article page, usually near the top right.
The site revision (modification) date is located near the top right of the MAIN page.
The page URL should appear in your browser's address window when you first access the article.

For informal citations of material in personal correspondence or Internet news group postings, a parenthetical reference to the source is usually sufficient.

Proper accreditation not only protects you from charges of plagiarism (presenting the work of another as your own), but also serves as a courtesy to your readers, who may wish to verify your sources and perhaps explore them further.

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Special Permission

A few documents—for example, open letters to public figures—contain the header notation:

Special permissions apply.

Such material may be freely copied, distributed, modified, and mailed, e-mailed, or faxed to the appropriate offices, under the conditions of the following notice.

The owner [S. A. Joyce] grants permission to copy, modify, and distribute this material, in whole or in part, provided that no charge whatever is made for such copying or distribution without the owner's express written consent.

No accreditation is required for such use.

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Special Restrictions

Some documents, specifically those intended for future publication in printed form, contain the header notation:

Special restrictions apply.

Such material is subject to the following special restriction, which supersedes any other permission, explicit or implicit.

This material is intended solely for viewing at this Internet web site. The URL may be hyperlinked or cited elsewhere, and the user may make a single digital or printed copy of the content for his or her personal reference. Any other form of citation, duplication, distribution, or re-publication of the content of this page, in whole or in part, is strictly prohibited.

In addition, some material on this web site is the property of others, protected by their copyrights, and used here by permission. Your copying and distribution of such material should respect the rights of the respective owners.

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Items in the Public Domain

Material of a transient nature (e.g., schedules) or compiled from public sources (e.g., detour listings) is in the public domain. In addition, the owner may choose to relinquish control of selected material. Page headers of such items contain wording to the effect that:

This material is in the public domain.

Material enters the public domain upon expiration of the copyright, or it may be deliberately placed in the public domain by the owner. Material in the public domain may be copied and distributed without restriction.

Although attribution is appreciated, it is not required.

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